Edward Snowden klapt in The Guardian uit over het geheime afluisterprogramma PRISM. In zeer heldere bewoordingen geeft hij o.a. aan waarom privacy ook voor burgers die 'niets te verbergen hebben' ook niet veilig zijn. De Amerikaanse afluisterpraktijken leiden tot 'turn key tyranny', op ieder gewenst moment kunnen
Amerikaanse veiligheidsanalysten internetgeschiedenissen tegen iedere willekeurige burger gebruiken.
In hoeverre werken Nederlandse/Europese inlichtingendiensten samen met de CIA en betrekken Nederland en andere Europese landen informatie via PRISM, nu of in de toekomst?
SANDER CHAN 陈文山
Spirituality Homosexuality Environment Life in China 精神性 天保 同性 在中国生活
Green activists pay with their lives
Today in The Guardian a report on green activists all over the world who have been kidnapped and even murdered. According to Global Witness, an NGO that keeps record on killings of social and environmental activists, death toll has doubled in the past decade to more than two a week. Environmental exploitation and human rights are intricately linked.
Some of the heroes who should be remembered and should inspire to rethink our exploitative ways:
Chut Wutty, shot dead 26 April 2012 while escorting two journalists from The Cambodia Daily near a protected forest in Koh Kong province (Cambodia).

Margarito J. Cabal, government employee (utility worker) of the municipality of Kibawe, Bukidnon province, and an anti-dam activist, murdered on 9 May 2012, in Northern Mindanao (Philippines).

Sombath Somphone, high-profile environmental activist who was snatched from the streets of Laos in December.

On 24 and 25 June 2012 the bodies of human rights defenders Mr Almir Nogueira de Amorim and Mr João Luiz Telles Penetra were found following their disappearance on 23 June 2012. (Brazil)

Juventina Villa Mojica, environmental activist whose husband and two children were killed last year, was shot dead with her 10-year-old son on 28 November 2012. (Mexico)

Some of the heroes who should be remembered and should inspire to rethink our exploitative ways:
Chut Wutty, shot dead 26 April 2012 while escorting two journalists from The Cambodia Daily near a protected forest in Koh Kong province (Cambodia).

Margarito J. Cabal, government employee (utility worker) of the municipality of Kibawe, Bukidnon province, and an anti-dam activist, murdered on 9 May 2012, in Northern Mindanao (Philippines).
Sombath Somphone, high-profile environmental activist who was snatched from the streets of Laos in December.

On 24 and 25 June 2012 the bodies of human rights defenders Mr Almir Nogueira de Amorim and Mr João Luiz Telles Penetra were found following their disappearance on 23 June 2012. (Brazil)

Juventina Villa Mojica, environmental activist whose husband and two children were killed last year, was shot dead with her 10-year-old son on 28 November 2012. (Mexico)
Corporate diarrhea: "Air pollution is good for you!"
Yes, you read that well!
According to these "analysts" smog is a sign of progress. Their reasoning: while development has led to pollution, at least people do not die of diarrhea. Therefore, (I'm not following my own logic) "China's air pollution is the fruit of industrialization, and (...) industrialization is a life saver".
For more corporate diarrhea click here.
2013 Tokyo Earth System Governance Conference
ENABLING PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE IN CHINA’S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE INFLUENCE OF UN SUMMITS AND TRANSNATIONAL INTERACTIONS
Tuesday 29 January 2013
18.00-19.30
Parallel Session: Water Governance 2
Chan (TC 297)
Link to latest version of the paper.
GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPS IN LOCAL CONTEXTS: CHINA’S BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND THE CASE OF THE CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM PARTNERSHIP FUND
Wednesday 30 January 2013
18.00-19.30
Parallel Session: Biodiversity 3
Chan (TC 6)
Link to latest version of the paper.
Air pollution Beijing: Crazy, Crazy Bad
Back in 2010 an the US embassy in Beijing reported beyond index air pollution. With no category of hazard available, the embassy posted 'crazy bad' on Twitter, inciting something of a diplomatic argument. Today's air pollution was crazy crazy bad, setting a record air pollution in Beijing. Der Spiegel headlined: 'breathing in Beijing can be lethal'.
I copy-pasted some visuals for a comparative understanding of the situation. Beijing pm2.5 was 845 today. In Europe 25-30 is considered hazardous, streets would be closed, and people would be advised to stay indoors, close all windows. EU directives put a maximum pollution at 35 pm2.5. Sources: EU data and the China Air Quality Iphone App by Fresh-Ideas Studio's.
I copy-pasted some visuals for a comparative understanding of the situation. Beijing pm2.5 was 845 today. In Europe 25-30 is considered hazardous, streets would be closed, and people would be advised to stay indoors, close all windows. EU directives put a maximum pollution at 35 pm2.5. Sources: EU data and the China Air Quality Iphone App by Fresh-Ideas Studio's.
Het kwetsen van de gevoelens van het Chinees volk
De zin 'kwetsen de gevoelens van het Chinees volk' (伤害中国人的感情) wordt vaak gebruikt door Chinese diplomaten en officiële media. Wanneer de Dalai Lama Frankrijk bezoekt; Liu Xiaobo de Nobelprijs krijgt; Japan en China ruzieën over eilandjes... keer op keer is sprake van gekwetst Chinees gevoel. Wat betekent deze zin eigenlijk? Wat beketekent het veelvuldig gebruik van deze zin in de laatste jaren? Fang Kecheng, een Chinees journalist, deed onderzoek naar dit diplomatiek taalgebruik en schrijft er over op zijn blog ('my country and my people') (Engels).
Relaas van een homoseksuele papierknipkunstenaar
- this post is based on an English language article on Siberian Butterfly, click here for the Global Times feature -
Waar zijn collega's traditionele motieven zoals bloemen en dieren knippen zie je in Xi's werk meer provocerende onderwerpen zoals orgieën, anale seks, homoseks. Xi Yadie, of Siberische vlinder, is niet zijn echte naam, maar volgens de kunstenaar is het een verwijzing naar "tradities en gewoonten die zo koud zijn als de Siberische wind die waait over Shaanxi (een provincie in centraal China)".
De 48-jarige kunstenaar beschouwt het papierknippen als een creatieve vlucht uit de verplichtende rollen als zorgzame zoon, echtgenoot en vader van twee. Xi is ook openlijk homoseksueel, of tongzhi (letterlijk: kameraad), zoals dat in de Chinese volksmond genoemd wordt.
Xi's knipkunst wordt niet altijd gewaardeerd door kunstcritici in China. Maar zijn bedrage aan de eeuwenoude papierknip traditie (die stamt uit de Han Dynasty 25-220 AD) is moeilijk te ontkennen. Hij geeft een onmiskenbare moderne draai aan de papierknipkunst. Xi's werk breekt met name taboes met betrekking tot homoseksualiteit. Xi's schuldgevoelens en liefdegevoelens komen tot uitdrukking in zijn werk.
"Mijn familie weet niet dat ik homo ben. Toen ik jong was probeer de ik te leven als heteroseksueel. Ik ging naar verschillende doktoren, maar die zeiden dat homoseksualiteit geen ziekte was, dat het natuurlijk was."
Maar in zijn dorpje bij Xi'an (de hoofdstad van Shaanxi en de vroeger hoofdstad van China) blijft homoseksualiteit een groot taboe. Xi vond het moeilijk er te wonen als homoseksuele man. "Ik durfde niet open te zijn over mijn homoseksualiteit. Mensen zouden denken dat ik een crimineel ben en mijn familie zou zich voor mij schamen."
Xi's twee kinderen, een 23jarige zoon met hersenverlamming en een 22jarige dochter die studeert in Xi'an, weten niet dat hun vader homo is. Maar Xi heeft het wel verteld aan zijn vrouw, een paar jaar nadat zij getrouwd waren. Zij was er zwaar door ontdaan, moest huilen, maar uiteindelijk kreeg ze er vrede mee. "Het is deprimerend om homo te zijn in China en al helemaal om homo te zijn in een Chinees dorp."
De papierknipkunst wordt doorgegeven van generatie op generatie. Xi's opa leerde het aan zijn moeder, zijn moeder leerde het hem toen hij 16 was. "Mijn moeder zei altijd dat mijn knipkunst beter was dan die van haar." Papierknippen werd een uitvlucht voor Xi. "Ik zat gevangen in eenzaamheid, maar door het papierknippen voelde ik mij vrij; ik kon vliegen als een vlinder, vrijheid genieten." Xi gebruikt ook traditionele motieven, "bloemen staan symbool voor schoonheid, wolken betekenen geluk. Maar omdat ik zoveel pijn voelde, vond ik ook inspiratie om dingen anders te doen."
Xi heeft altijd zijn portfolio met papierknipkunst bij zich. Hij heeft knipsels van mythische dieren en erotische ontmoetingen. Zijn persoonlijke favoriete werk is van een knipsel van een boerenwoning badend in maanlicht. Twee duiven, die de vrede voorstellen, kijken uit over een bed waar een vrouw haar kind vasthoudt. Buiten bevredigt een man met een dubbel gezicht (een januskop) een andere man oraal. De ene helft van het gezicht kijkt naar zijn sekspartner, terwijl de andere helft naar binnen kijkt, naar de vrouw met het kind. "Ik heb mij vaak gierig gevoeld, waarom heb ik een vriend nodig als ik al een vrouw heb? De deuren van dit boerenhuis [in de het knipsel] houden mijn gevoelens buiten, maar beschermen mij ook van vooroordelen. Achter deze deuren wacht zelfbeheersing en verwachtingen."
In een ander knipwerk zien we een minaar met geketende voeten en een man die zijn penis naait met een naald. In weer een ander knipwerk zien we hoe een tiener seks heeft met een treinconducteur. Het zijn verbeeldingen van Xi's voormalige minaars. Over zijn huidige minaar wil hij niet meer kwijt dan dat ze elkaar "eens in de zo veel tijd" treffen.
Xi kwam in aanraking met de homogemeenschap door het internet. Hij vond de non-profit organisatie 'Queer Comrades' in Beijing. Queer Comrades organiseerde een tentoonstelling van Xi's werk in 2009. "Ik kreeg heel positieve reacties op mijn werk. Er waren homo's en lesbiënnes die mij in tranen bedankten voor het papierknipwerk dat ik deed." Intussen heeft Xi zelfs een buitenlands succes. Eerder dit jaar werden 50 van Xi's knipsels tentoongesteld in Los Angeles, onder de titel: "Metamorphosis of a Butterfly". Ook in Amerika waren kritieken positief, Xi's werk werd geroemd om de precisie, de techniek.
---
Dit artikel is gebaseerd op een artikel in "The Global Times" door Vera Penêda, getiteld "Coming out of the Cocoon", gepubliceerd op 9 augustus 2012. Het originele artikel is te hier te vinden: http://bit.ly/U70noq.
Meer werk van Siberian Butterfly vind je hier: http://blog.sina.com.cn/siberiabuttfly.
ChristenUnie werkt homodiscriminatie in de hand
| Bron: http://www.christenunie.nl/ |
In 2008 nam het partijcongres een advies van de Commissie Representatie (Cnossen) over die stelde dat de toetsing van kandidaten voorbehouden is aan selectiecommissies. De ChristenUnie wilde geen lijst van onaanvaardbare zonden, maar homoseksualiteit moest wel worden meegewogen als “relevant onderwerp”.
Feitelijk is er sindsdien weinig veranderd. ChristenUnie politici blijven schuilen achter selectiecommissies. Slob kan, net zoals zijn voorganger André Rouvoet, spreken over de theoretische mogelijkheid dat een homo volwaardig lid wordt van de CU (inclusief politieke kandidaatstelling). Maar het huwelijk, volgens de ChristenUnie, is voorbehouden aan één man en één vrouw. Seksualiteit en voortplanting hoort thuis binnen het huwelijk. Voor de (samenwonende/alleenstaande) homoseksuele kandidaat geldt daarom het celibaat als - informele maar ook - harde eis; seks hoort thuis binnen een heterohuwelijk. Deze eis wordt niet vanuit partijleiding afgedwongen, maar door selectiecommissies.
Toch lijkt Slob een stap verder te gaan dan zijn voorganger Rouvoet die zei: “het is aan de selectiecommissies, niet aan mij”. Slob zegt nu “wij (gaan) niet over het privéleven van mensen”. Slob neemt daarmee echter niet de instructie weg aan selectiecommissies om homoseksualiteit te beoordelen als relevant onderwerp. Met enige understatement erkent ook Slob dat binnen de achterban van de ChristenUnie het samenwonen van homoseksuelen „niet door iedereen als iets positiefs” wordt gezien. De kans is dus geweldig groot dat homoseksuelen worden afgewezen omdat er onvoldoende draagvlak is bij de achterban.
De ChristenUnie is weliswaar niet anti-homo, maar steunt wel op een deels homonegatieve achterban. Zolang de partij homonegativiteit binnen de partij niet tegengaat en homoseksualiteit als relevant selectiecriterium hanteert, werkt de partij op zijn minst homodiscriminatie binnen de partij in de hand.
China AIDS Walk 3: Perceptons of HIV/AIDS in China
This is the third in a series of blog posts on
HIV/AIDS in China, in preparation for the first China AIDS Walk. Click here for
the first and second posts of the series. China AIDS Walk aims to raise
awareness for HIV/AIDS in Mainland China; to abate discrimination and stigma
against people living with HIV/AIDS; and to raise funds for projects related to
HIV/AIDS.
![]() |
| Infographic used in a BBC News report in 2001. Statistical information is difficult to get, and numbers remain crude estimates. Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1481542.stm |
In the West HIV/AIDS is often perceived as a
‘gay disease’, even when it affects many more heterosexual people around the
world. Such association between homosexuality and HIV/AIDS is relatively new in
China. Until fairly recently most transmissions occurred through intravenous
drug use, sex work and blood plasma donations (see last blog post). But
transmission patterns are changing. A growing concern is the sexual
transmission of HIV/AIDS. As China is undergoing something akin to a sexual
revolution, risky behavior is increasing, catalyzed by a lack of awareness of
HIV/AIDS and other STDs. In 2003 sexually
transmitted HIV/AIDS cases accounted for 30.9% of total transmissions (Zhang and Chu 2005). A rapidly growing
problem is HIV/AIDS among
men who have sex with men (MSM). In 2001 only 0.2% of reported cases of
HIV/AIDS concerned MSM, by 2003 11.1% of new cases were among MSM (id.) Since
1992 homosexuality is legal in China. However, traditional stigma’s persist,
for instance the Confucian idea that not having children is a great evil.
Therefore many gay people lead double lives; having same-sex contact while
being married with one child; while their spouses are equally exposed to
HIV/AIDS. According to Zhang and Chu, a ‘particular situation for China is that MSM in China are more prone to spread
HIV to women’.
There have been only a few studies on awareness
and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. A 2002 survey by the State Family Planning
Commission showed that 20% of Chinese adults have not heard of HIV/AIDS. Awareness
is much lower in rural areas (Chen 2002). A 2005 study surveying including
1326 undergraduate students between the ages of 17 and 28 found that 40% of sexually active students never uses
condoms. Condom-use does not seem to relate to personal perceptions of the risk
to contract HIV/AIDS (Huang et al. 2005). The possibility of transmission
through risky
behavior, including anal sex and needle sharing were poorly understood by most
students. Moreover, a
third of the students thought that HIV could be transmitted by casual contact. The
study also included questions about their attitudes towards people living with
HIV/AIDS. Respondents had rather low empathy for people who got HIV/AIDS,
especially through sexual promiscuity and drug use. Also 35% of the surveyed
would stop being a friend with someone if they would discover he/she is
homosexual.
The popular perception of HIV/AIDS in China is
influenced by transmission patterns. As many transmission cases occur in
criminalized environments (drug trade, sex industry), or in socially stigmatized
settings (homosexuality). HIV/AIDS has become to be seen as an “indecent
disease”.
This has practical implications. The
criminalized and stigmatized environments of HIV/AIDS makes it especially
difficult to address. For instance, how to start education and prevention programs
when the beneficiaries of such programs risk being jailed. Instead, official
policy emphasizes detection and treatment, rather than prevention and awareness
raising. In the face of criminalization, stigmatization and moralization of
HIV/AIDS, it is also difficult to gather social support, e.g. from family and
friends. Not only do people hesitate to associate with people living with
HIV/AIDS, also, people with HIV/AIDS are often inhibited by feelings of guilt
and shame. Moreover, stigmatization also leads to blindness and dangerous
unawareness of the nature of HIV/AIDS. According to Rachel Zhou Yanqiu (Zhou 2007) “moralized discourses of HIV/AIDS
have given the public a false sense of security: people from outside “high-risk
groups” tend to be blind to their possible exposure to HIV”.
The lack of
knowledge has contributed to discrimination and general misunderstanding leads
to stigmatizing and discrimination. Discrimination is also institutionalized,
as people with HIV/AIDS are labeled. Anonymous testing is not available. When
HIV/AIDS is diagnosed it will be reported to relevant authorities. This has
major repercussions for people’s job prospects, livelihoods and their social
environment. People who might carry HIV avoid real name testing, and unknowingly
continue to spread HIV.
Social
stigma, criminalization and real name testing are also some of the most
important reasons why statistics on the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in China are
difficult to come by. There Is no incentive for people to get tested, and there
is also no incentive for local governments to report high occurrence of
HIV/AIDS. Instead, the local governments carry out short-term campaigns, where
people are rounded up and forced to undergo testing. In Beijing, for instance,
the largest gay venue has been targeted occasionally. Police seal off the area
and people have to stand in line to give blood.[1]
[1] Foreigners are usually exempt
and can leave the premises. The advice is to carry your passport with you when
you’re foreigner and going out in gay venues.
Bijzonder onderwijs 21e eeuw? Homoscholen
Er zijn protestants christelijke, islamitische, katholieke, vrije, interconfessionele, speciale, openbare, privé, Montessori scholen... Maar wist je dat er ook 'homoscholen' bestaan?
Ongeveer de helft van de studenten aan Alliance High School in Milwaukee (Wisconsin) is homo. De school noemt zich homovriendelijk. Veel van de studenten zijn weggepest op andere scholen. Gothics, punks, nerds, homo's... waar zij op andere scholen de buitenbeentjes zijn, zijn ze hier de norm. De meesten van hen voelen zich hier thuis.
Alliance High School is niet de eerste school in Amerika die homovriendelijk is. Harvey Milk High in Manhattan (New York) is zeven jaar geleden al begonnen.
Niet iedereen is voor het stichten van homovriendelijke scholen. Immers, is het nodig om aparte scholen te stichten voor homo's, juist wanneer homoseksualiteit steeds meer geaccepteerd word? Bovendien zijn conservatieve christenen fel gekant tegen scholen die homoseksualiteit aanmoedigen. In Chicago is een initiatief voor een dergelijke school dankzij een opmerkelijke coalitie van homo's en conservatieve christenen gestopt.
Voor meer over homovriendelijke scholen in de VS en Groot Brittanië, lees dit 'The Guardian' artikel (Engels).
China AIDS Walk 2: The causes of HIV/AIDS in China
This is the second in a series of blog posts on HIV/AIDS in China, in preparation for the first China AIDS Walk. Click here for the first post of the series. China AIDS Walk aims to raise awareness for HIV/AIDS in Mainland China; to abate discrimination and stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS; and to raise funds for projects related to HIV/AIDS.
While the causes of HIV/AIDS in China are not different from the causes elsewhere, there are patterns, historically and geographically, that are specific to the Chinese situation.
In the eighties the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in China was very low, between 1984-1988 only 19 cases were found (Xien and Ke 2008). Four of the patients were haemophilia patients using contaminated blood products. The others were foreigners or Chinese overseas people. Therefore HIV/AIDS was treated as a foreign disease. According to AVERT – an international HIV/AIDS charity –, the Chinese word for AIDS, 爱滋病 (àizībìng), even translates as ‘loving capitalism disease’*. Between 1989 and 1994 HIV became a more frequent occurrence in border towns, for instance in the South-Western Province of Yunnan. Especially affected groups were intravenous drug users, and commercial sex workers. From the early nineties HIV/AIDS became a nation-wide problem, especially through the paid blood donation industry. Blood plasma donors, often farmers, could earn a little bit extra through blood donations. Corrupted blood merchants would employ the monstrous methods “Plasma was extracted and the remaining blood pumped back into people’s veins so they would be able to donate more frequently. In the rush, basic hygiene procedures were sacrificed and the blood they got back wasn’t always entirely their own” (Watts 2010: 198-199).
While HIV/AIDS in China transmission had mostly been associated with intravenous drug use and blood donation in the nineties (see infobox). In the last decade HIV/AIDS transmission in China is increasingly following patterns similar to those in the West. The share of transmission through sexual intercourse, heterosexual and homosexual, is increasing. Transmission through men who have sex with other man has become epidemic in some larger cities, for instance Chengdu. The social stigma on homosexuality increases infection risks. Many Chinese men who have sex with men are also married and conceal their activities with other men. Female spouses thus run high risks without knowing.
The last decades of economic development and increasing mobility have also contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS. According to some estimates 80% of HIV infected people come from rural areas (Jin 2004). Many of the rural population have migrated to the cities to find work. Away from the rural home many may have extramarital relationships or work in the sex industry.
* Àizībing is also simply the Chinese phonetic appropriation of the English term AIDS. According to the author of this blog the character ‘zī’ (滋) does not mean ‘capital’ or ‘capitalist’, although an homonymic character 资(‘zī’) – with the root meaning of money – is used in the compound for ‘capital’, ‘capitalist’, ‘capitalism’ etc.
REFERENCES
Jin, W. (2004). AIDS is a social problem. AIDS in China (pp. 90-93). Washington DC: International Publishing House for Chinese Culture.
Watts, J. W. (2010). When a billion people jump. How China will save mankind - or destroy it. London: Faber and Faber Limited.
Xien, G., & Ke, Z. (2008). AIDS in China. Emerging Infections in Asia. In Y. Lu, M. Essex, & B. Roberts (Eds.), (pp. 143-159): Springer US.
China AIDS Walk 1: Help me hike the Great Wall of China
It's been a while and about time to start a series of blog posts on HIV/AIDS in China. Why? Chinese health organizations, LGBT rights organizations, and, social networking sites have teamed up to organize the first edition of the 'China AIDS Walk'. China AIDS Walk aims to raise awareness for HIV/AIDS in Mainland China; to abate discrimination and stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS; and to raise funds for projects related to HIV/AIDS.
With your support I hope to climb, hike and conquer the Great Wall of China (or at least a small section of it) in October this year. And of course, I'd like you to be a part of our endeavor. But before I ask your help. I'd like to do a short series on HIV/AIDS in China, not only to inform you on the situation here, but also for me to learn more about the issue.
If you have questions, or ideas on topics that I should delve into, please let me know, by commenting to this post, or on Facebook.
With your support I hope to climb, hike and conquer the Great Wall of China (or at least a small section of it) in October this year. And of course, I'd like you to be a part of our endeavor. But before I ask your help. I'd like to do a short series on HIV/AIDS in China, not only to inform you on the situation here, but also for me to learn more about the issue.
If you have questions, or ideas on topics that I should delve into, please let me know, by commenting to this post, or on Facebook.
Public–Private Partnerships For Sustainable Development
The Rio 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development is will be held in a few weeks. Time to reconsider what has happened since the last World Summit for Sustainable Development (WSSD), in Johannesburg in 2002.
The most memorable outcome of were the so-called type 2 agreements, public-private partnerships to implement internationally agreed outcomes for sustainable development. For the first time in history, public-private partnerships became official outcomes of an intergovernmental process, placing them at par with international treaties.
Much hope was vested in the partnerships. Most negotiators agreed that the problem was not a lack of international treaties and agreements, but the fact that these were not followed up by implementation. By engaging private actors, civil society and corporations, the hope was resources, knowledge and other capacities would be pooled to achieve sustainable development.
In view of a new mega-conference on sustainable development, a comprehensive evaluation has thus far been lacking. 'Public–Private Partnerships For Sustainable Development. Emergence, Influence and Legitimacy'* provides the first authoritative assessment of partnerships for sustainable development, ten years after the Johannesburg Summit. The extensive research builds on an exclusive Global Sustainability Partnerships Database and a series of in-depth qualitative case studies. Key questions studied in this book include the overall effectiveness and influence of partnerships, their geographical, functional and organizational scope, and their legitimacy.
This unique book systematically investigates the questions of emergence, influence and legitimacy, which will prove invaluable for scholars and students interested in global environmental governance and sustainability, public–private partnerships, sustainability at the UN level and environmental governance beyond international agreements and policies.
* Edited by Philipp Pattberg, VU University Amsterdam, Frank Biermann, VU University Amsterdam, Sander Chan, VU University Amsterdam and Aysem Mert, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2012. 288 pp, Hardback 978 1 84980 930 6
The most memorable outcome of were the so-called type 2 agreements, public-private partnerships to implement internationally agreed outcomes for sustainable development. For the first time in history, public-private partnerships became official outcomes of an intergovernmental process, placing them at par with international treaties.
Much hope was vested in the partnerships. Most negotiators agreed that the problem was not a lack of international treaties and agreements, but the fact that these were not followed up by implementation. By engaging private actors, civil society and corporations, the hope was resources, knowledge and other capacities would be pooled to achieve sustainable development.
In view of a new mega-conference on sustainable development, a comprehensive evaluation has thus far been lacking. 'Public–Private Partnerships For Sustainable Development. Emergence, Influence and Legitimacy'* provides the first authoritative assessment of partnerships for sustainable development, ten years after the Johannesburg Summit. The extensive research builds on an exclusive Global Sustainability Partnerships Database and a series of in-depth qualitative case studies. Key questions studied in this book include the overall effectiveness and influence of partnerships, their geographical, functional and organizational scope, and their legitimacy.
This unique book systematically investigates the questions of emergence, influence and legitimacy, which will prove invaluable for scholars and students interested in global environmental governance and sustainability, public–private partnerships, sustainability at the UN level and environmental governance beyond international agreements and policies.
* Edited by Philipp Pattberg, VU University Amsterdam, Frank Biermann, VU University Amsterdam, Sander Chan, VU University Amsterdam and Aysem Mert, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2012. 288 pp, Hardback 978 1 84980 930 6
A Chinese Liberation Theology?
Growing disparities, social injustice, hundreds of millions of poor... have given rise to liberation theology in South- and Meso-America; but what is liberation theology's equivalent in the China? There seems to be none, or, at least I haven't heard of it. Anyway, there may be a simple answer to the question: China is not, and has never been a Christian nation. In spite of reports of mass-conversions by organizations like Open Doors, I think the context is that every religion is gaining ground compared to the situation thirty years ago, when religion was banned in the People's Republic. However, the answer still does not satisfy why there's no equivalent to liberation theology. I came across this interesting quote:
"The Chinese church, like so many churches in Asia, Africa and Latin America, has experienced a period of colonial or semi-colonial social history. Consequently, in terms of theology, there are many points where they are close or even nearly the same. But the liberation theology of Latin America is a weapon gained in the social and political struggle by the Latin American churches, and this is entirely different from the experience of the Chinese church. Latin American theology has liberation as its goal, while Chinese theology has already entered upon a post-liberation period of building up the church; its main task is reconciliation." (Emphasis added) (XIAOYue (2000) Chinese Theology in the Early 1980s. Chinese Theological Review: Volume 14)
Of course! I always seem to forget that China has already been liberated decades ago. However, where I expect Xue Yue to present a non-revolutionary equivalent of liberation theology - something that has gained ground as neo-liberation theology, he continues to argue for a reconcilliatory theology, quoting Nanjing Seminary theologian Chen Zemin:
""Chinese people. Christians included, have been liberated thirty years since, in the sense that political power and ownership of means of production have been transferred from the hands of a minority of oppressors to the people. Our theological task is not liberation as such, in the Latin American sense, but reconciliation to be reconciled to and identified with the Chinese people as a whole, from whom we had been alienated, for the carrying on of our task of liberation for the further betterment of our society; and at the same time to be reconciled to God, from whom the human race has been alienated and with whom we all yearn to be united through the mediating mystery of the incarnate Christ in the endless course of human history-"" (Id.)
I find it difficult to interpret this bit. On the one hand reconciliation sounds like the acceptance of the statusquo, relations between the powerful and the weak, the haves and the have-nots, are assumed as justified. This would be hardly unique, in fact mainstream theology and practical religion seem to affirm social statusquo, notwithstanding obvious injustice. (See how mainstream critics have discarded liberation theology as just another branch of Soviet Communism.) However, this interpretation of reconcilliation would be even more reactionary than the Communist Party's party line, where growing disparities are in fact acknowledged (it should be noted especially since the mid-2000s, after the article by Xiao Yue was published). However, the post-revolutionary perspective of reconcilliation is also a politically correct manner of wording. Reconcilliation effectively apoliticizes theology (quite a contradiction to liberation theology). Indeed, in Chen Zemin's quote, alienation from revolution seems to actually call for continued liberation ('carrying on of our task of liberation for the further betterment of our society'). Voilà, first reconcillatory theology seemed to be the antitheses to liberation theology, more closely observed reconcillatory theology may just be the Chinese extension of liberation theology.
I am not an expert on the issue (as you can see, I'm only quoting rather dated sources). However, I was drawn the question because I was wondering what the relevance of modern-day churches are in China. I've always been drawn to the idea that, as far as (Christian) religion is relevant, it should take the viewpoint and the benchmark of liberation; to which extent does religious community continue the liberating and redemptive line of history. I think in China, the study of society from a liberation point of view is complicated (but also made more interesting) by the canonical historiography of the liberation (from feudalism, colonialism, and capitalism) by the Party and the (People's Liberation) Army. Anyway, in spite of my inadequate view of the matter, I thought I just throw it out in the open for you (possibly to discuss).
"I'm Christian Unless You're Gay"
Today I want to write about something that has bothered me for the better part of a decade. I’ve carved out no fewer than a dozen drafts of this post, all strangely unalike, all ultimately failing to accomplish the job I’ve set out to do. Truth is, I’ve been trying to write it off and on for more than a year now, and the right words have been seemingly impossible to come by.In the end, and in order to post it, I guess I had to care more about the message than I do about potential backlash. I’m not being facetious when I say that I hope I can get this message across without offending… well… everybody.
What I really hope is that this post will spark and encourage poignant and worthwhile discussion that will lead to some poignant and worthwhile changes in the lives of at least a few people who are hurting.
That being said, I believe some strong words need to be said today.
“God hates fags.” We’ve all seen the signs being waved high in the air by members of the Westboro Baptist church. On TV. In real life. It’s hard not to take notice.
Over the years, I’ve watched seemingly never-ending disgustingness and hatred spill across the media airwaves from those who belong to the organization. For those who don’t know much about that “church,” they have made a seedy name for themselves by doing drastic things like picketing beneath atrocious signs and hosting flagrant anti-gay protests at military funerals.
Almost every person of nearly every religion has no problem loathing and condemning the Westboro Baptist Church and its members, and perhaps with reason. They take freedom of speech far beyond what our founding fathers intended when they fought to give us that right, and they laugh at the rest of the world while they do.
But today I don’t want to talk about those idiots. I want to talk about you. And me. Continue reading by clicking here.
Van Rhee (Different) erkent fouten. Of toch niet?
| bron: www.totheildesvolks.nl/different |
Over de Different methode erkent Van Rhee dat deze 'met vallen en opstaan' is ontwikkeld bij Different voorganger EHAH (Evangelische Hulp aan Homofielen). Hij erkent dat er fouten zijn gemaakt: "Ik wil richting mensen die misschien schade hebben opgelopen zeggen: wellicht is niet alles goed gegaan."
Als Van Rhee in alle ernst fouten uit het verleden erkent dan volstaat "wellicht is niet alles goed gegaan" echt niet! EHAH heeft onder de noemer 'hulpverlening' destructieve impact gehad op haar cliënten. Ik kan Van Rhee's woorden niet anders lezen dan als een cynische understatement. Van Rhee, geef mensen een kans de schade van EHAH een plaats te geven; benoem de fouten en vraag om vergeving!
A very brave village in Guanzhou holds unprecedented elections
Wukan, a village of 12,000, held elections on 3 March, electing 100 delegates for overseeing the village's governing committee. The US Consul was allowed to observe the elections. More on wikipedia (reading tip!).
Burgemeester Hulst op persoonlijke titel rascistisch
Ophef over dit twitter bericht:
'
CDA Burgemeester van Hulst, Jan-Frans Mulder reageert via Twitter 'grappig' op een reeks overvallen op Chinese restaurants in Zeeland. (Wat zouden Chinese restaurantwerkers in de omgeving Hulst ervan vinden?) Mulder vindt dat hij op persoonlijke titelrascistisch humoristisch was en dat de ophef daarover daarom onterecht is. (Hij schrijft wel 'burgemeester' in zijn twitterprofiel.) In een interview met Omroep Zeeland laat hij weten zijn stijl zeker niet aan te passen. Wat vindt het CDA ervan? Past deze stijl bij de christelijke grondtoon?
Het vervangen van 'r' door 'l' ben ik overigens vaak tegen gekomen in de imitatie van Chinezen. Het is zelden grappig, bovendien berust het op een misverstand, of in ieder geval een grove generalisatie. De moeite met de rollende 'r' komt met name voor onder Chinezen van Kantonese afkomst; in Beijing lijkt ieder woord wel te eindigen op de Engels 'r'; terwijl je in Xinjiang zelfs de rollende 'r' hoort. Dat de eerste Chinezen in Nederland uit het zuiden van China kwamen heeft natuurlijk bijgedragen aan het stigma. Ondertussen zijn er echter veel meer Chinezen bijgekomen uit andere delen van China (met name uit het noorden van China). Om maar niet te spreken van de tweede, derde en volgende generaties van Chinese Nederlanders, die over het algemeen even goed Nederlands spreken als andere Nederlanders. Bovendien, een licht accent misstaat geenszins.
'CDA Burgemeester van Hulst, Jan-Frans Mulder reageert via Twitter 'grappig' op een reeks overvallen op Chinese restaurants in Zeeland. (Wat zouden Chinese restaurantwerkers in de omgeving Hulst ervan vinden?) Mulder vindt dat hij op persoonlijke titel
Het vervangen van 'r' door 'l' ben ik overigens vaak tegen gekomen in de imitatie van Chinezen. Het is zelden grappig, bovendien berust het op een misverstand, of in ieder geval een grove generalisatie. De moeite met de rollende 'r' komt met name voor onder Chinezen van Kantonese afkomst; in Beijing lijkt ieder woord wel te eindigen op de Engels 'r'; terwijl je in Xinjiang zelfs de rollende 'r' hoort. Dat de eerste Chinezen in Nederland uit het zuiden van China kwamen heeft natuurlijk bijgedragen aan het stigma. Ondertussen zijn er echter veel meer Chinezen bijgekomen uit andere delen van China (met name uit het noorden van China). Om maar niet te spreken van de tweede, derde en volgende generaties van Chinese Nederlanders, die over het algemeen even goed Nederlands spreken als andere Nederlanders. Bovendien, een licht accent misstaat geenszins.
A moral universe: human induced climate change and earthquakes
In the Bible, moral behaviour closely relates to natural manifestations, like earthquakes, droughts, and floods. Now scientists make the same claims, our economic behaviour affect the Earth's health, changes climate and even shakes the Earth. However, I hear Christians, pastors and christian (conservative) politicians deny such scientific claims all the time. Now what's so christian about denying human induced global environmental and climatic changes?
In The Guardian, Bill McGuire, vulcanologist, UCL professor of geohazards, and director of the Benfield UCL Hazard Research Centre, writes about how climate change and global geophysical events are connected. McGuire recently published 'Walking the Giant: How a changing climate triggers earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes' with Oxford University Press.American doctoral student at Tsinghua writes about restraints placed on Chinese social scientists
In Footnotes, a publication of the American Sociological Association, Leta Hong Fincher, an American doctoral student at Tsinghua University, writes about the restraints put on social science researchers in China and the role played by president-in-waiting Xi Jinping: Footnotes | February 2012 Issue | International Perspectives: Chinese Social Science, Stability and the State
Stunningly Beautiful: 'The Cowboy's Flute' (China 1963)
While zapping through China's otherwise boring TV landscape, I stumbled upon this 1963 animation, 'The Cowboy's Flute'. The film does not contain dialogue, but all the more - and very pleasant - music. It is probably the most beautiful animation film I've ever seen, really moving.
The story is about a farmer's boy looking for the buffalo he lost while he fell asleep on a branch of a tree. The film was banned soon after release for distracting too much from political orthodoxy.
China's first gay wedding
Making up the mind: China, Revolutionary or not?
| Tang Xiaohe Strive Forward in Wind and Tides, 1971, Private collection |
"Many contemporary methods of governance have their roots in techniques of policy generation and implementation dating to the revolution and early PRC—techniques that emphasize continual experimentation. China’s long revolution had given rise to this guerrilla-style decisionmaking as a way of dealing creatively with pervasive uncertainty. Thus, even in a post-revolutionary PRC, the invisible hand of Chairman Mao—tamed, tweaked, and transformed—plays an important role in China’s adaptive governance." (2)
"Some Western intellectuals take the view that an economy can enjoy rapid growth only in a society where the political system is fully democratic. They find it astonishing that in a nation where politics is far from transparent the economy can develop at such an impressive pace. But they are overlooking, I think, a crucial point: behind China's economic miracle there is a pair of powerful hands pushing things along, and their owner's name is Revolution." (3)
(1) Stephen R. Platt in The New York Times (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/opinion/sunday/is-china-ripe-for-a-revolution.html)
(2) Goodman in Sebastian Heilmann and Elizabeth Perry, eds., Mao's Invisible Hand: The Political Foundations of Adaptive Governance in China. Cambridge: CUP. Other title from Goodman might be relevant – book chapter – the interdependence of state and society.
(3) Chapter "Revolution" in: YU Hua (余华) (2011) China in Ten Words. Translated from the Chinese by Allan H. Barr. Pantheon Books, New York. P. 113. Emphasis added.
Interpol helps political and religious persecution
![]() |
| Hamza Kashgari |
Interpol should immediately review its policies and stop facilitating religious and political persecution.
The most recent abuse of Interpol's network is the case of Hamza Kashgari. Saudi-Arabia called for Kashgari's arrest after he tweeted about Mohamed, one of his tweets reads: "On your birthday, I will say that I have loved the rebel in you, that you've always been a source of inspiration to me, and that I do not like the halos of divinity around you. I shall not pray for you." (more tweets, see below.)
Last Thursday Kashgari was arrested in Malaysia. The Malaysian government stated it will probably extradite Kashgari to Saudi-Arabia. Kashgari is facing heavy penalty, even death sentence, in Saudi-Arabia.
It is a show that Interpol's network is abused to facilitate the global persecution of people on political and religious grounds. See The Guardian for more.
It is also scandalous that Facebook allows for a page titled “The Saudi People Demand the Execution of Hamza Kashgari”, while ta "Free Hamza Kashgari" has yet to be made.
It is also scandalous that Facebook allows for a page titled “The Saudi People Demand the Execution of Hamza Kashgari”, while ta "Free Hamza Kashgari" has yet to be made.
Here are Kashgari's tweets (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Kashgari)
On your birthday, I will say that I have loved the rebel in you, that you've always been a source of inspiration to me, and that I do not like the halos of divinity around you. I shall not pray for you.
On your birthday, I find you wherever I turn. I will say that I have loved aspects of you, hated others, and could not understand many more.
On your birthday, I shall not bow to you. I shall not kiss your hand. Rather, I shall shake it as equals do, and smile at you as you smile at me. I shall speak to you as a friend, no more.—Hamza Kashgari on Twitter
Interpol helpt politieke en religieuze vervolging
![]() |
| Hamza Kashgari |
Kashgari is inmiddels gearresteerd in Maleisië. De Maleisische regering laat weten Kashgari waarschijnlijk uit te leveren aan Saoedi-Arabië, waar hem misschien de doodstraf wacht.
Het is schandalig dat het Interpol netwerk gebruikt wordt om mensen op politieke en religieuze gronden te vervolgen. The Guardian bericht hierover in detail.
Ook erg lelijk is trouwens het feit dat Facebook een pagina faciliteert die “The Saudi People Demand the Execution of Hamza Kashgari” heet, terwijl er - naar mijn weten - nog geen "Free Hamza Kashgari" pagina is.
Kashgari's tweets van 4 februari 2012 waren:
Op uw verjaardag, zal ik zeggen: ik heb de rebel in u lief, u bent altijd een bron van inspiratie voor mij, al hou ik niet van het aura van goddelijkheid dat aan u kleeft. Ik zal niet tot u bidden.
Op uw verjaardag, vind ik u waar ik ook heen ga. Ik zal zeggen: bepaalde aspecten aan u heb ik lief, bepaalde aspecten haat ik, en nog meer kan ik niet begrijpen.
Op uw verjaardag, zal ik niet voor u buigen of uw hand kussen. Liever schud ik u de hand, zoals gelijken onder elkaar, we glimlachen elkaar toe en ik zal tot u spreken als een vriend, meer niet.*
*Vrije vertaling uit het Engels, overgenomen uit de Wikipedia pagina: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Kashgari:
On your birthday, I will say that I have loved the rebel in you, that you've always been a source of inspiration to me, and that I do not like the halos of divinity around you. I shall not pray for you.
On your birthday, I find you wherever I turn. I will say that I have loved aspects of you, hated others, and could not understand many more.
On your birthday, I shall not bow to you. I shall not kiss your hand. Rather, I shall shake it as equals do, and smile at you as you smile at me. I shall speak to you as a friend, no more.
Democratie verslaat zichzelf op de Malediven
Maar Nasheed is ook een lichtend voorbeeld van een democratisch leider in een islamitisch land. In oktober 2008, nog voor de Arabische lente begon, werd Nasheed verkozen tot president in democratische verkiezingen. Enerzijds getuigt Nasheeds aftreden van zijn geweldloosheid, anderzijds gaat het hier in feite om een staatsgreep geleid door een groep rond de autocratische oud-president Maumoon Abdul Gayoom en zijn handlangers. Wat er nu gebeurt in de Malediven is een trieste terugval voor de democratische wereld. Meer over Mohamed Nasheed en zijn aftreden door Mark Lynas.
Peiling: Even veel goede als slechte ervaringen bij 'Different'
Different, de christelijke hulpverleningsorganisatie voor mensen die met homoseksualiteit worstelen, is veel genoemd dezer dagen. De organisatie zou homogenezing aanbieden en nog wel op kosten van de gemeenschap, iets waar Minister Schippers zo snel mogelijk een einde aan wil maken. Ervaringsdeskundigen denken echter vaak veel genuanceerder over Different. Dit blijkt uit een peiling gehouden op het Regenboogforum, een internetforum van christelijke homoseksuelen.

Uit de recent gehouden peiling blijkt dat Christelijke homoseksuelen lang niet allemaal aankloppen bij Different, een meerderheid is nooit cliënt geweest bij Different of haar voorganger EHAH. De helft van de mensen die wel hulp zochten bij een organisatie kwamen wel terecht bij Different. Het effect van hulpverlening bij Different werd even vaak positief als negatief ervaren.
Uit de recent gehouden peiling blijkt dat Christelijke homoseksuelen lang niet allemaal aankloppen bij Different, een meerderheid is nooit cliënt geweest bij Different of haar voorganger EHAH. De helft van de mensen die wel hulp zochten bij een organisatie kwamen wel terecht bij Different. Het effect van hulpverlening bij Different werd even vaak positief als negatief ervaren.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)



